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conscious　union　Religion　occupies　the　highest　position。　In　it；　Spirit　…　rising　above　the　limitations　of

temporal　and　secular　existence　…　bees　conscious　of　the　Absolute　Spirit；　and　in　this

consciousness　of　the　self…existent　Being；　renounces　its　individual　interest；　it　lays　this　aside　in

Devotion　…　a　state　of　mind　in　which　it　refuses　to　occupy　itself　any　longer　with　the　limited　and

particular。　By　Sacrifice　man　expresses　his　renunciation　of　his　property；　his　will；　his　individual

feelings。　The　religious　concentration　of　the　soul　appears　in　the　form　of　feeling；　it　nevertheless

passes　also　into　reflection；　a　form　of　worship　（cultus）　is　a　result　of　reflection。　The　second　form　of

the　union　of　the　objective　and　subjective　in　the　human　spirit　is　Art。　This　advances　farther　into　the

realm　of　the　actual　and　sensuous　than　Religion。　In　its　noblest　walk　it　is　occupied　with　representing；

not　indeed；　the　Spirit　of　God；　but　certainly　the　Form　of　God；　and　in　its　secondary　aims；　that　which

is　divine　and　spiritual　generally。　Its　office　is　to　render　visible　the　Divine；　presenting　it　to　the

imaginative　and　intuitive　faculty。　But　the　True　is　the　object　not　only　of　conception　and　feeling；　as　in

Religion；　…　and　of　Intuition；　as　in　Art；　…　but　also　of　the　thinking　faculty；　and　this　gives　us　the　third

form　of　the　union　in　question　…　Philosophy。　This　is　consequently　the　highest；　freest；　and　wisest

phase。　Of　course　we　are　not　intending　to　investigate　these　three　phases　here；　they　have　only

suggested　themselves　in　virtue　of　their　occupying　the　same　general　ground　as　the　object　here

considered　…　the　State。

§　51

The　general　principle　which　manifests　itself　and　bees　an　object　of　consciousness　in　the　State；　…

the　form　under　which　all　that　the　State　includes　is　brought；　is　the　whole　of　that　cycle　of　phenomena

which　constitutes　the　culture　of　a　nation。　But　the　definite　substance　that　receives　the　form　of

universality；　and　exists　in　that　concrete　reality　which　is　the　State；　…　is　the　Spirit　of　the　People　itself。

The　actual　State　is　animated　by　this　spirit；　in　all　its　particular　affairs　…　its　Wars；　Institutions；　&c。　But

man　must　also　attain　a　conscious　realisation　of　this　his　Spirit　and　essential　nature；　and　of　his　original

identity　with　it。　For　we　said　that　morality　is　the　identity　of　the　subjective　or　personal　with　the

universal　will。　Now　the　mind　must　give　itself　an　express　consciousness　of　this；　and　the　focus　of

this　knowledge　is　Religion。　Art　and　Science　are　only　various　aspects　and　forms　of　the　same

substantial　being。　In　considering　Religion；　the　chief　point　of　enquiry　is　whether　it　recognises　the

True　…　the　Idea　…　only　in　its　separate；　abstract　form；　or　in　its　true　unity；　in　separation　…　God　being

represented　in　an　abstract　form　as　the　Highest　Being；　Lord　of　Heaven　and　Earth；　living　in　a　remote

region　far　from　human　actualities；　…　or　in　its　unity；　…　God；　as　Unity　of　the　Universal　and　Individual；